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The Duncan Segregation Index is a measure of occupational segregation based on gender that measures whether there is a larger than expected presence of one gender over another in a given occupation or labor force by identifying the percentage of employed women (or men) who would have to change occupations for the occupational distribution of men and women to be equal.
Over the last century in the United States, there has been a surprising stability of segregation-index scores, which measure the level of occupational segregation of the labor market. [10] There were declines in occupational segregation in the 1970s and 1980s, as technologies that made the care work of the home quicker and easier allowed more ...
The index score can also be interpreted as the percentage of one of the two groups included in the calculation that would have to move to different geographic areas in order to produce a distribution that matches that of the larger area. The index of dissimilarity can be used as a measure of segregation. A score of zero (0%) reflects a fully ...
Otis Dudley Duncan advocated for quantitative social science in the second half of the twentieth century. His key scholarly contributions include the introduction of path analysis to sociology; the measurement of occupational socioeconomic standing with an index (Duncan Socioeconomic Index); the study of intergenerational occupational mobility; the spatial analysis of residential patterns; the ...
As such, for two objects and having descriptors, the similarity is defined as: = = =, where the are non-negative weights and is the similarity between the two objects regarding their -th variable. In spectral clustering , a similarity, or affinity, measure is used to transform data to overcome difficulties related to lack of convexity in the ...
The LH index is also related to the dissimilarity index of segregation. All three indexes are special cases of the more general Δ {\displaystyle \Delta } index of dissimilarity. [ 5 ] The LH index is related to the amount of wasted vote , which only measures the difference between votes cast and seats obtained for parties which did not obtain ...
It is also known as Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), Torgerson Scaling or Torgerson–Gower scaling. It takes an input matrix giving dissimilarities between pairs of items and outputs a coordinate matrix whose configuration minimizes a loss function called strain, [2] which is given by (,,...,) = (, (),) /, where denote vectors in N-dimensional space, denotes the scalar product between ...
This object-based focus was extended, from Kahneman & Henik’s leading question: “If attention selects a stimulus, what is the stimulus it selects?” [5] and their consideration that attention might also be object-driven, through Duncan’s influential and explicit delineation between space-based and object-based theories of attention, to ...