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where is a second-order elliptic operator (implying that must be positive; a case where = + is considered below). A system of partial differential equations for a vector can also be parabolic. For example, such a system is hidden in an equation of the form
For a first-order PDE, the method of characteristics discovers so called characteristic curves along which the PDE becomes an ODE. [1] [2] Once the ODE is found, it can be solved along the characteristic curves and transformed into a solution for the original PDE.
The sine-Gordon equation is a second-order nonlinear partial differential equation for a function dependent on two variables typically denoted and , involving the wave operator and the sine of . It was originally introduced by Edmond Bour ( 1862 ) in the course of study of surfaces of constant negative curvature as the Gauss–Codazzi equation ...
Method of lines - the example, which shows the origin of the name of method. The method of lines (MOL, NMOL, NUMOL [1] [2] [3]) is a technique for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in which all but one dimension is discretized.
In computational physics, the term advection scheme refers to a class of numerical discretization methods for solving hyperbolic partial differential equations.In the so-called upwind schemes typically, the so-called upstream variables are used to calculate the derivatives in a flow field.
The simplest example of a second-order linear elliptic PDE is the Laplace equation, in which a i,j is zero if i ≠ j and is one otherwise, and where b i = c = f = 0. The Poisson equation is a slightly more general second-order linear elliptic PDE, in which f is not required to vanish.
Advice on the application of change of variable to PDEs is given by mathematician J. Michael Steele: [1] "There is nothing particularly difficult about changing variables and transforming one equation to another, but there is an element of tedium and complexity that slows us down.
Name Dim Equation Applications Landau–Lifshitz model: 1+n = + Magnetic field in solids Lin–Tsien equation: 1+2 + = Liouville equation: any + = Liouville–Bratu–Gelfand equation