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A dough with very high hydration. In a recipe, the baker's percentage for water is referred to as the "hydration"; it is indicative of the stickiness of the dough and the "crumb" of the bread. Lower hydration rates (e.g., 50–57%) are typical for bagels and pretzels, and medium hydration levels (58–65%) are typical for breads and rolls. [25]
The sponge and dough method is a two-step bread making process: in the first step a sponge is made and allowed to ferment for a period of time, and in the second step the sponge is added to the final dough's ingredients, [1] creating the total formula. [2] In this usage, synonyms for sponge are yeast starter or yeast pre-ferment.
A roughly synonymous term used in French baking is Chef. [11] Old dough (pâte fermentée) may be made with yeast or sourdough cultures, and in essence consists of a piece of dough reserved from a previous batch, with more flour and water added to feed the remaining flora. Because this is a piece of old dough, it has the typical ingredient of ...
Some all-purpose baking mixes, including commercial and homemade varieties, can be used to prepare several types of baked goods, [2] [7] such as biscuits, pizza dough, muffins, cookies and pancakes, [8] among others. Some bread baking mixes are formulated for use in a bread machine. [9]
As the Dutch Republic entered its Golden Age, lavish dishes became available to the wealthy middle class as well.The Dutch East India Company monopolised the trade in nutmeg, clove, mace and cinnamon, [15] provided in 1661 more than half of the refined sugar consumed in Europe, [16] and was the first to import coffee on a large scale to Europe, popularising the concept of coffee houses for the ...
Recipes for beef stew with bacon, mushrooms, and pearl onions; hearty beef stew; beef carbonnade; and beef goulash. Featuring an Equipment Corner covering dutch ovens and a Science Desk segment exploring how browning meat seals in juiciness.
Close-up view of an Irish stew, with a Guinness stout. Stewing is an ancient method of cooking meats that is common throughout the world. After the idea of the cauldron was imported from continental Europe and Britain, the cauldron (along with the already established spit) became the dominant cooking tool in ancient Ireland, with ovens being practically unknown to the ancient Gaels. [5]
Since ready-made products often contain traces of gluten, some coeliacs may find it necessary to cook from scratch. [127] The term "gluten-free" is generally used to indicate a supposed harmless level of gluten rather than a complete absence. [128] The exact level at which gluten is harmless is uncertain and controversial.