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  2. Direct historical approach - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_historical_approach

    The historical data then becomes the basis of analogy and homology for the study of the prehistoric communities at both the particular site and other sites in the region. The main issue with the approach is that in many parts of the world there is no direct continuity between historically documented communities and the prehistoric occupants of ...

  3. Ethnoarchaeology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnoarchaeology

    One good example of ethnoarchaeology is that of Brian Hayden (1987), whose team examined the manufacture of Mesoamerican quern-stones, providing valuable insights into the manufacture of prehistoric quern-stones. Many other studies have focused on the manufacture and use of ceramics, architecture, food, fiber, and other types of material culture.

  4. Diachrony and synchrony - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diachrony_and_synchrony

    A synchronic approach (from Ancient Greek: συν-"together" and χρόνος "time") considers a language at a moment in time without taking its history into account. In contrast, a diachronic (from δια- "through" and χρόνος "time") approach, as in historical linguistics , considers the development and evolution of a language through ...

  5. Historical criticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_criticism

    Historical criticism (also known as the historical-critical method (HCM) or higher criticism, [1] in contrast to lower criticism or textual criticism) [2] is a branch of criticism that investigates the origins of ancient texts to understand "the world behind the text" [3] and emphasizes a process that "delays any assessment of scripture's truth and relevance until after the act of ...

  6. Historical method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_method

    Historical method is the collection of techniques and guidelines that historians use to research and write histories of the past. Secondary sources, primary sources and material evidence such as that derived from archaeology may all be drawn on, and the historian's skill lies in identifying these sources, evaluating their relative authority, and combining their testimony appropriately in order ...

  7. Microcosm–macrocosm analogy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcosm–macrocosm_analogy

    The microcosm–macrocosm analogy (or, equivalently, macrocosm–microcosm analogy) refers to a historical view which posited a structural similarity between the human being (the microcosm, i.e., the small order or the small universe) and the cosmos as a whole (the macrocosm, i.e., the great order or the great universe).

  8. Anatomy of Criticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy_of_Criticism

    Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays (Princeton University Press, 1957) is a book by Canadian literary critic and theorist Northrop Frye that attempts to formulate an overall view of the scope, theory, principles, and techniques of literary criticism derived exclusively from literature. Frye consciously omits all specific and practical criticism ...

  9. Analogy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogy

    In historical science, comparative historical analysis often uses the concept of analogy and analogical reasoning. Recent methods involving calculation operate on large document archives, allowing for analogical or corresponding terms from the past to be found as a response to random questions by users (e.g., Myanmar - Burma) [29] and explained ...