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Ranked-choice voting (RCV) can refer to one of several ranked voting methods used in some cities and states in the United States. The term is not strictly defined, but most often refers to instant-runoff voting (IRV) or single transferable vote (STV), the main difference being whether only one winner or multiple winners are elected.
Plurality voting is the most common voting system, and has been in widespread use since the earliest democracies.As plurality voting has exhibited weaknesses from its start, especially as soon as a third party joins the race, some individuals turned to transferable votes (facilitated by contingent ranked ballots) to reduce the incidence of wasted votes and unrepresentative election results.
The system is called "Ranked Choice Voting" there. In 2006, Oakland, California passed Measure O, adopting instant runoff voting. [2] In 2006, the city council of Davis voted 3–2 to place a measure on the ballot to recommend use of single transferable vote for city elections; [3] the measure was approved by the
Eighteen states allow ranked-choice voting in some capacity, according to Ballotpedia. Hawaii, Alaska and Maine use it in certain federal and statewide elections. Virginia’s state law allows for ...
Depending on how "preferential" is defined, the term would include all voting systems, apply to any system that uses ranked ballots (thus both instant-runoff voting and single transferable vote), or would exclude instant-runoff voting (instant-runoff voting fails positive responsiveness because ballot markings are not interpreted as ...
The Kemeny–Young method uses preferential ballots on which voters rank choices according to their order of preference. A voter is allowed to rank more than one choice at the same preference level. [citation needed] Unranked choices are usually interpreted as least-preferred. Kemeny–Young calculations are usually done in two steps.
Ranked-choice voting may be used as a synonym for: Ranked voting, a term used for any voting system in which voters are asked to rank candidates in order of preference; Instant-runoff voting (IRV), a specific ranked voting system with single-winner districts; Single transferable vote (STV), a specific ranked voting system with multi-winner ...
] Alternative-Smith voting, is a voting rule developed by Nicolaus Tideman which selects a single winner using ranked ballots. This method is Smith -efficient, making it a kind of Condorcet method , and uses the alternative vote ( RCV ) to resolve any cyclic ties .