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Most midges, apart from the gall midges (Cecidomyiidae), are aquatic during the larval stage. Some Cecidomyiidae (e.g., the Hessian fly ) are considered significant pests of some plant species. The larvae of some Chironomidae contain hemoglobin and are sometimes referred to as bloodworms .
Gall midge larvae, and many adults, are orange or yellow in color due to carotenoids. [10] Cecidomyiidae are among the very few animals which can synthesize carotenoids, but its unknown to what degree de novo biosynthesis of carotenoids accounts for their characteristic color as opposed to dietary sequestration or endosymbionts. [ 11 ]
Polytene chromosomes were originally observed in the larval salivary glands of Chironomus midges by Balbiani in 1881. They form through repeated rounds of DNA replication without cell division, resulting in characteristic light and dark banding patterns which can be used to identify inversions and deletions which allow species identification.
Ceratopogonidae is a family of flies commonly known as no-see-ums, sand flies or biting midges, generally 1–3 millimetres (1 ⁄ 16 – 1 ⁄ 8 in) in length. The family includes more than 5,000 species, [2] distributed worldwide, apart from the Antarctic and the Arctic.
Females deposit 100-250 tiny (1 ⁄ 64 inch [0.40 mm]) shiny orange eggs singly or in small groups among aphid colonies that hatch in 2–3 days.After 3–7 days the larvae drop to the ground and burrow 3 ⁄ 4 to 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches (1.9 to 3.8 cm) inches into the soil to pupate.
The midge induces stunted and distorted rosettes [4] in the host by inhibiting the elongation of the shoot; the rosette is formed from many (8 to 40 or more) slightly thickened and deformed leaves with reduced petioles. Many of the leaves have small green or red ligulate excrescences or projections. The midge larvae are of an orange-red colour ...
Chironomus is a genus of nonbiting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family, Chironomidae, containing several cryptic species that can only be distinguished by experts based on the characteristics of their giant chromosomes. In the early 20th century the name Tendipes Meigen, 1800 was often used instead. [1]
The Cecidomyiinae, commonly known as gall midges or gall gnats, is the largest subfamily in Cecidomyiidae with over 600 genera and more than 5000 described species. [1] Larvae of the other ( basal ) cecidomyiid subfamilies feed on fungi; whereas this subfamily is best known for its members that induce galls on plants.