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The Contributor Roles Taxonomy, commonly known as CRediT, is a controlled vocabulary of types of contributions to a research project. [1] CRediT is commonly used by scientific journals to provide an indication of what each contributor to a project did.
Conceptual writing (often used interchangeably with conceptual poetry) is a style of writing which relies on processes and experiments.This can include texts which may be reduced to a set of procedures, a generative instruction or constraint, or a "concept" which precedes and is considered more important than the resulting text(s).
Ghost authorship occurs when an individual makes a substantial contribution to the research or the writing of the report, but is not listed as an author. [53] Researchers, statisticians and writers (e.g. medical writers or technical writers ) become ghost authors when they meet authorship criteria but are not named as an author.
The individual contributions made by authors to a joint work need not necessarily be equal in quality or quantity. [8] Nevertheless, the author has to show that his contribution to the joint work is copyrightable by itself. [7] [9] A contribution of mere ideas is not sufficient. [10] In order to be a joint author, one must contribute expression ...
As a higher level abstraction, a conceptualization facilitates the discussion and comparison of its various ontologies, facilitating knowledge sharing and reuse. [7] [8] Each ontology based upon the same overarching conceptualization maps the conceptualization into specific elements and their relationships.
The first is the role of the reader, who is active, not passive, in the production of textual meaning. The reader fills in the "gaps" or areas of "indeterminacy" of the text. Although the "text" is written by the author, its "realization" (Konkritisation) as a "work" is fulfilled by the reader, according to Iser. Iser uses the analogy of two ...
The explicit definition of what a conceptual framework is and its application can therefore vary. Conceptual frameworks are beneficial as organizing devices in empirical research. One set of scholars has applied the notion of a conceptual framework to deductive, empirical research at the micro- or individual study level.
A conceptual system is a system of abstract concepts, of various kinds. [A] The abstract concepts can range "from numbers, to emotions, and from social roles, to mental states ..".