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Drugs or pharmaceutical agents inducing ototoxicity are regarded as ototoxic medications. Anatomy of the human ear There is a wide range of ototoxic medications, for example, antibiotics , antimalarials , chemotherapeutic agents , non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and loop diuretics . [ 2 ]
Ototoxicity is the property of being toxic to the ear (oto-), specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system, for example, as a side effect of a drug. The effects of ototoxicity can be reversible and temporary, or irreversible and permanent. It has been recognized since the 19th century. [1]
However, these classifications are based on laboratory behavior. The development of antibiotics has had a profound effect on the health of people for many years. Also, both people and animals have used antibiotics to treat infections and diseases. In practice, both treat bacterial infections. [1]
Amikacin can cause neurotoxicity if used at a higher dose or for longer than recommended. The resulting effects of neurotoxicity include vertigo, numbness, tingling of the skin (paresthesia), muscle twitching, and seizures. [9] Its toxic effect on the 8th cranial nerve causes ototoxicity, resulting in loss of balance and, more commonly, hearing ...
Aminoglycosides can cause inner ear toxicity which can result in sensorineural hearing loss. [19] The incidence of inner ear toxicity varies from 7 to 90%, depending on the types of antibiotics used, susceptibility of the patient to such antibiotics, and the duration of antibiotic administration. [20]
Gentamicin can cause inner ear problems and kidney problems. [5] The inner ear problems can include problems with balance and hearing loss. [5] These problems may be permanent. [5] If used during pregnancy, it can cause harm to the developing fetus. [5] However, it appears to be safe for use during breastfeeding. [8]
It may cause harm if taken during pregnancy. [6] It is in the macrolide class and works by slowing down bacterial protein synthesis . [ 6 ] Clarithromycin resistance is already a major challenge to healthcare systems and such resistance is spreading, leading to recommendations to test the susceptibility of pathogenic organisms to the antibiotic ...
This is a list of common β-lactam antibiotics—both administered drugs and those not in clinical use—organized by structural class. Antibiotics are listed alphabetically within their class or subclass by their nonproprietary name. If an antibiotic is a combination drug, both ingredients will be listed.