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Usually hernia has content of bowel, abdominal fat or omentum, tissue that normally would reside inside the abdominal cavity if it was not for the hernia. In some cases, the content gets trapped in the hernia sac, outside the abdominal wall. The blood flow to this trapped tissue may be compromised, or the content even strangulated in some cases.
Don Antonio de Gimbernat y Arbós (1734–1816) was a Spanish surgeon and anatomist. He is known for laying the groundwork for modern techniques of inguinal hernia repair. He also described in detail the anatomy of the inguinal and femoral regions of the human body. [1] [2] [3] The lacunar ligament is named after Antonio de Gimbernat. [4]
An inguinal hernia or groin hernia is a hernia (protrusion) of abdominal cavity contents through the inguinal canal. Symptoms, which may include pain or discomfort especially with or following coughing, exercise, or bowel movements, are absent in about a third of patients. Symptoms often get worse throughout the day and improve when lying down.
When pressure builds up inside this container, the muscles push back to keep everything in place. If the pressure gets too high, it may cause the belly's wall to break, leading to a hernia. Once a hernia starts, it keeps enlarging, because the tension on the wall there increases. [13]
Although women account for roughly 70% of femoral hernia repairs, indirect inguinal hernias are still the most common subtype of groin hernia in both males and females. [14] Inguinal hernia surgery is also one of the most common surgical procedures, with an estimated incidence of 0.8-2% and increasing up to 20% in preterm children. [15] [16]
It can also be seen after neck surgery, [1] thyroid and parathyroid surgery, [5] and hernia repair. [2] The larger the surgical intervention, the more likely that seromas form. Early or improper removal of sutures can sometimes lead to formation of seroma or discharge of serous fluid from operative areas.
A Spigelian hernia is the type of ventral hernia that occurs through the Spigelian aponeurosis, which is the part of the aponeurosis of the transverse abdominal muscle bounded by the linea semilunaris (or Spigelian line) laterally and the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis muscle medially.
An incisional hernia is a type of hernia caused by an incompletely-healed surgical wound. Since median incisions in the abdomen are frequent for abdominal exploratory surgery, ventral incisional hernias are often also classified as ventral hernias due to their location. Not all ventral hernias are from incisions, as some may be caused by other ...