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Ruby lasers were used mainly in research. [5] The ruby laser was the first laser used to optically pump tunable dye lasers and is particularly well suited to excite laser dyes emitting in the near infrared. [6] Ruby lasers are rarely used in industry, mainly due to low efficiency and low repetition rates.
Laser types with distinct laser lines are shown above the wavelength bar, while below are shown lasers that can emit in a wavelength range. The height of the lines and bars gives an indication of the maximal power/pulse energy commercially available, while the color codifies the type of laser material (see the figure description for details).
The hydrogen fluoride laser is an infrared chemical laser. It is capable of delivering continuous output power in the megawatt range. [1] Hydrogen fluoride lasers operate at the wavelength of 2.7–2.9 μm. This wavelength is absorbed by the atmosphere, effectively attenuating the beam and reducing its reach, unless used in a vacuum environment.
Meanwhile, a lower power HF laser was used for the THEL (Tactical High Energy Laser) built in the late 1990s for the Israeli Ministry of Defense in cooperation with the U.S. Army SMDC. It is the first fielded high energy laser to demonstrate effectiveness in fairly realistic tests against rockets and artillery.
Another military use of lasers is as a laser target designator. This is a low-power laser pointer used to indicate a target for a precision-guided munition , typically launched from an aircraft. The guided munition adjusts its flight-path to home in to the laser light reflected by the target, enabling a great precision in aiming.
A chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL) is a near–infrared chemical laser. As the beam is infrared, it cannot be seen with the naked eye. It is capable of output power scaling up to megawatts in continuous mode. [citation needed] Its output wavelength is 1315 nm, a transition wavelength of atomic iodine.
SEM image of microdisk laser with a whispering-gallery mode resonator. [25] A microdisk laser is a very small laser consisting of a disk with quantum well structures built into it. Its dimensions can exist on the micro-scale or nano-scale. Microdisk lasers use a whispering-gallery mode resonant cavity.
Organic lasers are inherently tunable and when configured as optimized multiple-prism grating laser oscillators can yield efficient single-transverse mode, and single-longitudinal-mode, emission with laser linewidths as narrow as 350 MHz (approximately 0.0004 nm at a wavelength of 590 nm), in the high-power pulsed regime.
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