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Mangrove forests, also called mangrove swamps, mangrove thickets or mangals, are productive wetlands that occur in coastal intertidal zones. [1] [2] Mangrove forests grow mainly at tropical and subtropical latitudes because mangrove trees cannot withstand freezing temperatures. There are about 80 different species of mangroves, all of which ...
About 110 species are considered mangroves, in the sense of being trees that grow in such a saline swamp, [19] though only a few are from the mangrove plant genus, Rhizophora. However, a given mangrove swamp typically features only a small number of tree species.
The Florida mangroves ecoregion includes three mangrove species: Red mangrove tree in Everglades National Park. Rhizophora mangle — red mangrove; Red mangroves are characterized by a dendritic network of aerial prop roots extending into the soil. This allows them to live in anaerobic conditions by providing gas exchange.
In the mangrove swamp this includes dead leaves and corpses of other crustaceans, even that of their own species. [22] In some cases, mangrove crabs may also eat fresh mangrove leaves. [23] Mangrove crabs are predated on by wading birds, fish, sharks, [8] monkeys, hawks, and raccoons. [7]
Other strains on the ecoregion include clearance for salt panning and agriculture. However mangrove is a resilient habitat and small clumps of mangrove remain in isolation all along the coast of west and central Africa. 19.86% of the Central African mangroves are in protected areas.
Three mangrove tree families and a total of six species are found in the Niger Delta region: the red mangrove (Rhizophoraceae) including Rhizophora racemosa, R. harisonii, and R. mangle, the white mangrove (Combretaceae) known as Laguncularia racemosa, and the black mangrove (Avicenniaceae) represented by A. germinas.
Mangroves are found along the coast of Colombia and Ecuador from the Gulf of Tribugá in the north to Mompiche Bay in the south. Between these bays there are extensive stands of mangroves in the mouths of the San Juan, Naya, Guapi, Mira and Esmeraldas rivers. The mangroves cover 6,500 square kilometres (2,500 sq mi).
A 2014 book proposed a distinction between the Chocoan and Equatorial-Pacific mangrove forests. [13] Endemic species such as Avicennia tonduzi and Avicennia bicolor are found in the Pacific mangroves. [12] More than 70% of Colombia's mangroves grow on the Pacific coast. They form tall, well-structured forests with trees up to 30 metres (98 ft ...