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Methylphenidate, sold under the brand names Ritalin (/ ˈ r ɪ t ə l ɪ n / RIT-ə-lin) and Concerta (/ k ə n ˈ s ɜːr t ə / kən-SUR-tə) among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant indicated in the pharmacotherapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
Ritalin (methylphenidate) – a stimulant used to treat ADHD; ReVia – an opioid antagonist primarily used in the management of alcohol dependence, opioid dependence or other impulse control/addictive behaviors such as habitual self-mutilation; Rexulti (brexpiprazole) – atypical antipsychotic used to treat mood and psychotic disorders
Despite having a similar therapeutic mechanism of action as first-line medications containing amphetamine, the prescription of dextromethamphetamine for ADHD is rare due its relatively greater reinforcing potential, in addition to the comparable efficacy and presumably greater safety of methylphenidate and amphetamine.
Amphetamines and methylphenidate are classified by the Drug Enforcement Administration as Schedule II controlled substances, the same designation given to cocaine, OxyContin and fentanyl.
Magnetic resonance imaging studies suggest that long-term treatment with amphetamine or methylphenidate decreases abnormalities in brain structure and function found in subjects with ADHD. [ 262 ] [ 263 ] [ 264 ] A 2018 review found the greatest short-term benefit with methylphenidate in children, and amphetamines in adults. [ 241 ]
Methylphenidate, one of the most widely used NDRIs.. A norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) is a type of drug that inhibits the reuptake of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine and thereby increases extracellular levels of these neurotransmitters and noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. [1]
Crack cocaine: Heroin: Chocolate rock, dragon rock, eightball, moonrock, smoking gun, tar Crack cocaine: LSD: Cracid, outerlimits Cracid is a portmanteau of crack cocaine and acid [citation needed] Crack cocaine: Methamphetamine: Fire, twisters Crack cocaine: Nicotine: Coolie, crimmie, woolas A cigarette laced with crack [citation needed ...
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) is an empathogen-entactogen, stimulant, and psychedelic drug of the amphetamine family that is encountered mainly as a recreational drug. [3] In its pharmacology , MDA is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA).