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Contemporary to the tenth Imam, the Abbasid al-Mutawakkil violently prosecuted the Shia, [10] [11] partly due to the renewed Zaydi opposition. [12] The restrictive policies of al-Mutawakkil towards the tenth Imam were later adopted by his son, al-Mu'tamid, who is reported to have kept the eleventh Imam under house arrest without any visitors. [13]
Abu al-Qasim al-Husayn ibn Ruh Nawbakhti (Arabic: أَبُو ٱلْقَاسِم ٱلْحُسَيْن ٱبْن رُوح ٱلنَّوْبَخْتِيّ, ʾAbū al-Qāsim al-Ḥusayn ibn Rūḥ an-Nawbakhtīy) was the third of the Four Deputies, who are believed by the Twelvers to have successively represented their Hidden Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, during his Minor Occultation (874–941 CE).
The four Sunni Imams founded the four madhhab (schools of thought) recognized in Sunni Islam. While they agree on the foundational principles of fiqh according to the Sunni narrative, their interpretations of certain legal and practical matters differ, which led to the development of the four distinct madhhab.
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Samarri (Arabic: أَبُو ٱلْحَسَن عَلِيّ ٱبْن مُحَمَّد ٱلسَّمَّرِيّ, ʾAbū al-Ḥasan ʿAlīy ibn Muḥammad as-Sammarīy) was the last of the Four Deputies, who are believed by the Twelvers to have successively represented their Hidden Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, during his Minor Occultation (874–941 CE).
Lasiqs had to swear a special oath of obedience to the Imam. Fidā'ī (فدائی, literally "self-sacrificer") Imam and da'is were the elites, while the majority of the sect consisted of the last three grades who were peasants and artisans. [1] Other titles include:
Imam is an Arabic word meaning "Leader". The ruler of a country might be called the Imam, for example. The term, however, has important connotations in the Islamic tradition especially in Shia belief. In Sunni belief, the term is used for the founding scholars of the four Sunni madhhabs, or schools of religious jurisprudence .
[24] Unlike the Imami Shi'a, who consider their imams to be religious leaders first and foremost, vested with infallibility on matters of doctrine, [25] the political aspects of the imamate were uniquely central to the Zaydi conception of the office: the Zaydi imams were recognized merely as knowledgeable individuals, whose judgment was ...
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Uthman Al-Asadi (Arabic: أَبُو جَعْفَر مُحَمَّد ٱبْن عُثْمَان ٱلْأَسَدِيّ, ʾAbū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿUthmān) was the second of the Four Deputies, who are believed by the Twelvers to have successively represented their twelfth Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, during his Minor Occultation (874–941 CE).