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Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), integrated coastal management (ICM), or integrated coastal planning is a coastal management process for the management of the coast using an integrated approach, regarding all aspects of the coastal zone, including geographical and political boundaries, in an attempt to achieve sustainability.
As a result, Proposition 20 passed, by a margin of 10% (c. 800,000 votes), [1] thus establishing the California Coastal Commission (CCC). However, it wouldn't be until 1976 that it was formally passed into law by the California State Senate through the adoption of the California Coastal Act of 1976.
The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA; Pub. L. 92–583, 86 Stat. 1280, enacted October 27, 1972, 16 U.S.C. §§ 1451–1464, Chapter 33) is an Act of Congress passed in 1972 to encourage coastal states to develop and implement coastal zone management plans (CZMPs). This act was established as a United States National policy to preserve ...
The California Coastal Act of 1976 extended the Coastal Commission's authority indefinitely. [27] Jerry Brown , in his first term as governor, signed the California Coastal Act into law, but two years later, became frustrated with the commission and called them "bureaucratic thugs."
The Coastal Zone Management Program was created by the Coastal Zone Management Act [2] (October 27, 1972). It provides grants to eligible states and territories as an incentive to prepare and implement plans guiding the use of coastal lands and resources. Thirty-four of the 35 eligible states and territories are implementing federally approved ...
The stated goal of the program is to reduce polluted runoff to coastal waters. The six main runoff sources are agriculture, forestry, urban areas, wetlands, modified shorelines and stream channels, and vegetative and other treatment systems. This program was established in 1990 by Section 6217 of the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments. [2]
The "Coral Triangle" (CT) region is located along Earth's equator at the confluence of both Western Pacific and Indian Oceans.Using coral and reef fish diversity as two primary criteria, scientists defined boundaries of this region to include most of the exclusive economic zones of these partner countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste ...
An Environmentally Sensitive Habitat Area (ESHA - pronounced ē'-sha) is a designated protective area within the Coastal Zone of California, United States, as described in the California Coastal Act and Certified Local Coastal Programs for local government. [1] An example of an ESHA location is Oceano Dunes. [2]