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It is a potential space in the face over the angle of the jaw, and is paired on each side. It is located between the lateral aspect of the mandible and the medial aspect of the masseter muscle and its investing fascia. The term is derived from sub-meaning "under" in Latin and masseteric which refers to the masseter
the lateral pterygoid muscle superiorly; the inferior border of the mandible (lingual surface) inferiorly; the medial pterygoid muscle medially (the space is superficial to medial pterygoid) the ascending ramus of the mandible laterally (the space is deep to the ramus of the mandible)
First, when dead bone abuts live marrow, capillaries and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells grow into the dead marrow spaces, while macrophages degrade dead cellular and fat debris. Second, mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts or fibroblasts. Under favorable conditions, layers of new bone form on the surface of dead spongy trabeculae.
Its medial surface is covered by the mucous membrane of the mouth. [3] [2] Its lateral surface is separated from the ramus of the mandible by adipose tissue. [2] Its posterior border gives attachment to the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. [3] Its anterior border attaches to the posterior edge of the buccinator muscle. [3]
Oral cancer on the tongue. Oral cancer may occur on the lips, tongue, gums, floor of the mouth or inside the cheeks. The majority of cancers of the mouth are squamous cell carcinoma. Oral cancers are usually painless in the initial stages or may appear like an ulcer.
On the mandible it is a ridge on the superior surface. The structures hold the teeth and are encased by gums as part of the oral cavity. [12] The alveolar process comprises cells and periosteum, also encompassing nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. [7]
The four classical muscles of mastication elevate the mandible (closing the jaw) and move it forward/backward and laterally, facilitating biting and chewing. Other muscles are responsible for opening the jaw, namely the geniohyoid, mylohyoid, and digastric muscles (the lateral pterygoid may play a role).
If the space contains pus, the usual treatment is by incision and drainage. The site of the incision is extra-oral, and usually made 2–3 cm below, and parallel to, the inferior border of the mandible. Ludwig's angina is a serious infection involving the submandibular, sublingual and submental spaces bilaterally. [3]