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The existence of the neutral pion was inferred from observing its decay products from cosmic rays, a so-called "soft component" of slow electrons with photons. The π 0 was identified definitively at the University of California's cyclotron in 1949 by observing its decay into two photons. [7]
The eta was discovered in pion–nucleon collisions at the Bevatron in 1961 by Aihud Pevsner et al. at a time when the proposal of the Eightfold Way was leading to predictions and discoveries of new particles from symmetry considerations. [2] The difference between the mass of the η and that of the η′
The experiment resulted in an excess of 45±9 events around cos(θ) = 1 in the correct mass range for 2-pion decays. This means that for every decay of K 2 into three pions, there are (2.0±0.4)×10-3 decays into two pions. Because of this, neutral K mesons violate CP. [2]
In particle physics, the Primakoff effect, named after Henry Primakoff, is the resonant production of neutral pseudoscalar mesons by high-energy photons interacting with an atomic nucleus. It can be viewed as the reverse process of the decay of the meson into two photons and has been used for the measurement of the decay width of neutral mesons ...
The Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly is seen experimentally, in the sense that it describes the decay of the neutral pion, and specifically, the width of the decay of the neutral pion into two photons. The neutral pion itself was discovered in the 1940s; its decay rate (width) was correctly estimated by J. Steinberger in 1949. [6]
Beta decay: beta particle is emitted from an atomic nucleus Compton scattering: scattering of a photon by a charged particle Neutrino-less double beta decay: If neutrinos are Majorana fermions (that is, their own antiparticle), Neutrino-less double beta decay is possible. Several experiments are searching for this. Pair production and annihilation
Experimental results show that only left-handed neutrinos and right-handed antineutrinos exist. Three sets of neutrinos have been observed, [35] [36] one that is connected with electrons, one with muons, and one with tau leptons. [37] In the standard model the pion and muon decay modes are:
For example, in an electron–positron annihilation, the usual products are two gamma ray photons. If the annihilating electron and positron are at rest, each of the resulting gamma rays has an energy of ~ 511 keV and frequency of ~ 1.24 × 10 20 Hz. Similarly, a neutral pion most often decays into two photons.