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The Kingdom of Scotland [g] [h] [i] was a sovereign state in northwest Europe, traditionally said to have been founded in 843.Its territories expanded and shrank, but it came to occupy the northern third of the island of Great Britain, sharing a land border to the south with the Kingdom of England.
The first written reference to Scotland was in 320 BC by Greek sailor Pytheas, who called the northern tip of Britain "Orcas", the source of the name of the Orkney islands. [ 27 ] : 10 Most of modern Scotland was not incorporated into the Roman Empire , and Roman control over parts of the area fluctuated over a rather short period.
Enlargeable relief map of Scotland. Geography of Scotland. Scotland is: a country of the United Kingdom. Scotland was: an independent, sovereign country until 1707 when it formed a union with England; Population of Scotland: 5,436,600 (2022 census) Area of Scotland: 78 772 km 2 (30,414 square miles), approximately 32% of the area of the United ...
Of the surviving pre-Roman accounts of Scotland, the first written reference to Scotland was the Greek Pytheas of Massalia, who may have circumnavigated the British Isles of Albion and Ierne (Ireland) [28] [29] sometime around 325 BC. The most northerly point of Britain was called Orcas (Orkney).
A 1726 map showing "The north part of Great Britain called Scotland" Following the Acts of Union 1707, a fashion arose, particularly in Scotland, for referring to Scotland as North Britain, while England was sometimes dubbed South Britain. These terms gained in popularity during the 19th century.
The history of the United Kingdom begins in 1707 with the Treaty of Union and Acts of Union.The core of the United Kingdom as a unified state came into being with the political union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland, [1] into a new unitary state called Great Britain.
Since 1649 until the Protectorate, England, Ireland and later Scotland had been governed as a republic by the Council of State and the Rump Parliament.The Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth, which established England, together with "all the Dominions and Territoryes thereunto belonging", as a republic, had been passed on 19 May 1649, following the trial and execution of Charles I in ...
The Acts joined the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland to form a united Kingdom of Great Britain. [73] Scotland and England had shared a common monarch since the Union of the Crowns in 1603 when the Scottish king James VI succeeded to the English throne. Although described as a Union of Crowns, before the Acts of Union of 1707, the ...