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Several theories concerning the biologically based cause of depression have been suggested over the years, including theories revolving around monoamine neurotransmitters, neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, inflammation and the circadian rhythm. Physical illnesses, including hypothyroidism and mitochondrial disease, can also trigger depressive ...
Serotonin (/ ˌ s ɛr ə ˈ t oʊ n ɪ n, ˌ s ɪər ə-/) [6] [7] [8] or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.Its biological function is complex, touching on diverse functions including mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and numerous physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction.
Anhedonia is a diverse array of deficits in hedonic function, including reduced motivation or ability to experience pleasure. [1] While earlier definitions emphasized the inability to experience pleasure, anhedonia is currently used by researchers to refer to reduced motivation, reduced anticipatory pleasure (wanting), reduced consummatory pleasure (liking), and deficits in reinforcement learning.
Affective neuroscience is the study of how the brain processes emotions.This field combines neuroscience with the psychological study of personality, emotion, and mood. [1] The basis of emotions and what emotions are remains an issue of debate within the field of affective neuroscience.
LTD has also been found to occur in different types of neurons that release various neurotransmitters, however, the most common neurotransmitter involved in LTD is L-glutamate. L-glutamate acts on the N-methyl-D- aspartate receptors ( NMDARs ), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors ( AMPARs ), kainate receptors ( KARs ...
The loss or ineffectiveness of reinforcement can be attributed to a variety of causes: The reinforcing event may be removed. [17] This is typically related to the loss of an important or rewarding role, such as a job. The behavioral capabilities of the affected individual may be reduced. [18]
Another part of this sexy equation is serotonin—a neurotransmitter and hormone, commonly referred to as the “happy chemical,” that plays a role in regulating mood. As luck would have it ...
An example of this is how direct exposure to sunlight has been proven to improve mood and has been used to treat symptoms of depression. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Further, walking outdoors as opposed to walking indoors made individuals much happier, which additionally illustrates that nature has a positive effect on our mood. [ 20 ]