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The impulse energy of the water jet exerts torque on the bucket-and-wheel system, spinning the wheel; the water jet does a "u-turn" and exits at the outer sides of the bucket, decelerated to a low velocity. In the process, the water jet's momentum is transferred to the wheel and hence to a turbine. Thus, "impulse" energy does work on the turbine.
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The main difference between early water turbines and water wheels is a swirl component of the water which passes energy to a spinning rotor. This additional component of motion allowed the turbine to be smaller than a water wheel of the same power. They could process more water by spinning faster and could harness much greater heads.
A water wheel is a machine for converting the kinetic energy of flowing or falling water into useful forms of power, often in a watermill. A water wheel consists of a large wheel (usually constructed from wood or metal), with numerous blades or buckets attached to the outer rim forming the drive mechanism. Water wheels were still in commercial ...
Schematic diagram of an overshot water wheel. Date: 11 March 2007 (original upload date) (Original text: March 11, 2007) Source: Transferred from to Commons. (Original text: Original artwork by Daniel M. Short) Author: The original uploader was DanMS at English Wikipedia. (Original text: Daniel M. Short) Other versions
File:Pitchback_water_wheel_schematic.png licensed with Cc-by-sa-3.0 2009-12-21T16:06:32Z Thryduulf 2000x2067 (452595 Bytes) Fixed a couple of letter spacing issues with the labels. I was unable to find a match for the for the font used, so I have replaced all the labels with ones using FreeSans.
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Micro hydro is frequently accomplished with a pelton wheel for high head, low flow water supply. The installation is often [when?] [where?] just a small dammed pool, at the top of a waterfall, with several hundred feet of pipe leading to a small generator housing. In low head sites, [example needed] generally water wheels and Archimedes' screws ...