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The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) possesses a variety of obsolete and nonstandard symbols. Throughout the history of the IPA, characters representing phonetic values have been modified or completely replaced.
The letter eth ð was an alteration of Latin d , and the runic letters thorn þ and wynn ƿ are borrowings from futhorc. Also used was a symbol for the conjunction and , a character similar to the number seven ( ⁊ , called ond or a Tironian et ) which is still used in Irish and Scottish Gaelic , and a symbol for the relative pronoun þæt , a ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 6 March 2025. Latin-script alphabet consisting of 26 letters English alphabet An English-language pangram written with the FF Dax Regular typeface Script type Alphabet Time period c. 16th century – present Languages English Related scripts Parent systems (Proto-writing) Egyptian hieroglyphs Proto ...
N with long right leg (majuscule: Ƞ, minuscule: ƞ) is an obsolete letter of the Latin alphabet and the International Phonetic Alphabet. It is encoded in Unicode as U+0220 Ƞ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH LONG RIGHT LEG and U+019E ƞ LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LONG RIGHT LEG.
The new letter Omega (Ω) to denote the long half-open [ɔː] sound was invented first in the East, in the Ionian cities of Asia Minor, at some time before 600 BC. It was created by breaking up the closed circle of the Omicron (Ο), initially near the side. The letter was subsequently turned upright and the edges curled outwards (, , , ).
For this purpose, in addition to the 24 letters which by that time made up the standard alphabet, three otherwise obsolete letters were retained or revived: digamma Ϝ for 6, koppa Ϙ for 90, and a rare Ionian letter for [ss], today called sampi Ͳ , for 900. This system has remained in use in Greek up to the present day, although today it is ...
In a similar vein, the effectively obsolete staveless tone letters were once doubled for an emphatic rising intonation ˶ and an emphatic falling intonation ˵ . [87] Length is commonly extended by repeating the length mark, which may be phonetic, as in [ĕ e eˑ eː eːˑ eːː] etc., as in English shhh!
Two obsolete letters were restored: ㅿ (리읃), which was used to indicate an alternation in pronunciation between initial /l/ and final /d/; and ㆆ (히으), which was only pronounced between vowels. Two modifications of the letter ㄹ were introduced, one which is silent finally, and one which doubled between vowels.
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