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Nine-blade iris Pentacon 2.8/135 lens with 15-blade iris Aperture mechanism of Canon 50mm f/1.8 II lens, with five blades In the human eye, the iris (light brown) acts as the diaphragm and continuously constricts and dilates its aperture (the pupil) A 750nm titanium-sapphire laser beam passing through an iris diaphragm, while opening and closing the iris.
Condensers typically consist of a variable-aperture diaphragm and one or more lenses. Light from the illumination source of the microscope passes through the diaphragm and is focused by the lens(es) onto the specimen. After passing through the specimen the light diverges into an inverted cone to fill the front lens of the objective.
A bright-field microscope has many important parts including; the condenser, the objective lens, the ocular lens, the diaphragm, and the aperture. Some other pieces of the microscope that are commonly known are the arm, the head, the illuminator, the base, the stage, the adjusters, and the brightness adjuster.
The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects. Optical microscopes are the oldest design of microscope and were possibly invented in their present compound form in the 17th century.
Zenit 122 Zenit-4 with leaf shutter Zenit-16 with vertical travel shutter. The first attempt to make high-end professional camera by KMZ was the Start in 1958. This camera had a full set of shutter speeds (from 1 sec to 1/1000), a lens with an automatic diaphragm in a unique breech-lock mount, and even a knife for cutting-off part of the unexposed film.
Köhler illumination is a method of specimen illumination used for transmitted and reflected light (trans- and epi-illuminated) optical microscopy.Köhler illumination acts to generate an even illumination of the sample and ensures that an image of the illumination source (for example a halogen lamp filament) is not visible in the resulting image.
The phase telescope/Bertrand lens is inserted into the microscope in place of an eyepiece to move the intermediate image plane to a point where it can be observed. Phase telescopes are primarily used for aligning the optical components required for Köhler illumination and phase contrast microscopy.
An electrostatic lens is a device that assists in the transport of charged particles. [1] [2] [3] For instance, it can guide electrons emitted from a sample to an electron analyzer, analogous to the way an optical lens assists in the transport of light in an optical instrument.
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