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[5] [19] [21] [10] [22] [23] It is specifically used following treatment with or in combination with nitroimidazoles like metronidazole for recurrent bacterial vaginosis. [ 5 ] [ 22 ] [ 10 ] Although it has been reported to be effective and is widely used for this purpose, clinical studies of boric acid for treatment of bacterial vaginosis are ...
Metronidazole, sold under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. [11] It is used either alone or with other antibiotics to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, endocarditis, and bacterial vaginosis. [11]
Intravaginal administration is a route of administration where the substance is applied inside the vagina. Pharmacologically , it has the potential advantage to result in effects primarily in the vagina or nearby structures (such as the vaginal portion of cervix ) with limited systemic adverse effects compared to other routes of administration.
This is a shortened version of the eleventh chapter of the ICD-9: Complications of Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Puerperium. It covers ICD codes 630 to 679 . The full chapter can be found on pages 355 to 378 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9.
In addition a reported 5–10% of women of childbearing age use alcohol or other addictive substances. [7] Of those who bear children, recreational drug use can have serious consequences to the health of not only the mother, but also the fetus as many medications can cross the placenta and reach the fetus.
The ICD-10 Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) is a US system of medical classification used for procedural coding.The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the agency responsible for maintaining the inpatient procedure code set in the U.S., contracted with 3M Health Information Systems in 1995 to design and then develop a procedure classification system to replace Volume 3 of ICD-9-CM.
A 2013 review found some evidence supporting the use of probiotics during pregnancy. [80] The preferred probiotics for BV are those containing high doses of lactobacilli (around 10 9 CFUs Tooltip Colony-forming units) given in the vagina. [81] Intravaginal administration is preferred to taking them by mouth. [81]
Gram stain of cells from the vagina (the same magnification) with normal bacterial flora (top) and the bacteria that cause vaginosis (bottom). A variety of diagnosis techniques are currently available for identifying Gardnerella vaginalis such as the OSOM BV Blue assay, FemExam cards and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), resulting in the determination of ongoing BV.