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A chiral phenomenon is one that is not identical to its mirror image (see the article on mathematical chirality).The spin of a particle may be used to define a handedness, or helicity, for that particle, which, in the case of a massless particle, is the same as chirality.
In physics, chirality may be found in the spin of a particle, where the handedness of the object is determined by the direction in which the particle spins. [4] Not to be confused with helicity , which is the projection of the spin along the linear momentum of a subatomic particle, chirality is an intrinsic quantum mechanical property, like spin.
By contrast, for massive particles, distinct chirality states (e.g., as occur in the weak interaction charges) have both positive and negative helicity components, in ratios proportional to the mass of the particle. A treatment of the helicity of gravitational waves can be found in Weinberg. [4]
The quantity is the spatial density of optical chirality, while is the optical chirality flux. [2] Generalizing the aforementioned differential conservation law for Z 0 {\displaystyle Z^{0}} , Lipkin found other nine conservation laws, all unrelated to the stress–energy tensor .
Helicity (particle physics), the projection of the spin onto the direction of momentum; Magnetic helicity, the extent to which a magnetic field "wraps around itself" Circular dichroism, the differential absorption of left and right circularly polarized light; A form of axial chirality; A former name for inherent chirality
Optical rotation, also known as polarization rotation or circular birefringence, is the rotation of the orientation of the plane of polarization about the optical axis of linearly polarized light as it travels through certain materials. Circular birefringence and circular dichroism are the manifestations of optical activity.
Chirality with hands and two enantiomers of a generic amino acid The direction of current flow and induced magnetic flux follow a "handness" relationship. The term chiral / ˈ k aɪ r əl / describes an object, especially a molecule, which has or produces a non-superposable mirror image of itself.
A closely related property is chirality, which in turn is closely related to a more easily visualized property called helicity. The helicity of a particle is the direction of its spin relative to its momentum; particles with spin in the same direction as their momentum are called right-handed and they are otherwise called left-handed.