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Torque measurement is somewhat complicated since there are two machines in tandem - an inline torque transducer is the preferred method of torque measurement in this case. An eddy-current or waterbrake dynamometer, with electronic control combined with a variable frequency drive and AC induction motor, is a commonly used configuration of this type.
Brake horsepower (bhp) is the power measured using a brake type (load) dynamometer at a specified location, such as the crankshaft, output shaft of the transmission, rear axle or rear wheels. [ 30 ] In Europe, the DIN 70020 standard tests the engine fitted with all ancillaries and the exhaust system as used in the car.
Effective torque (often referred to as wheel torque or torque to the wheels) is a concept primarily associated with automotive tuning. Torque can be measured using a dynamometer. Common units used in automotive applications can include foot-pounds and Newton·meters. [1] The formula for effective torque to the wheels is: [2] Tw = Te * N tf * η ...
Among those who were awarded patents: Wellington Adams of St. Louis in 1884; [9] Edward Parkhurst of Woburn in 1890; [10] Albert Parcelle later in 1890; [11] Charles Theryc in 1896, who cites no transmission losses thanks to an absence of classic transmission rods from engines to wheels; [12] C F Goddard in 1896 who cites a piston hub motor for ...
The rear driven wheels of a racing car throwing gravel Differentials and drive shafts deliver torque to the front and rear wheels of a four-wheel drive truck. A drive wheel is a wheel of a motor vehicle that transmits force, transforming torque into tractive force from the tires to the road, causing the vehicle to move.
When the driver uses the throttle to accelerate from a stop or constant speed, the AWD system can send up to 50% of torque to the front wheels. When the car's speed becomes steady again, the drivetrain returns the torque to the rear wheels. The AWD system will also transfer torque to the front wheels if the system detects loss of traction.
Because wheel offset changes the lever-arm length between the center of the tire and the centerline of the steering knuckle, the way bumps, road imperfections, and acceleration/braking forces turn into steering torques (bump-steer, torque-steer, etc.) and thus, will change the drivability of the vehicle depending on wheel offset.
Concept (top view): In a vehicle, motors M1 through M4 drive respective wheels independently, possibly through respective gear arrangements. Individual-wheel drive (IWD) is an automobile design in which the vehicle has an all-wheel drive powertrain that consists of multiple independent traction motors each supplying torque to a single drive wheel. [1]
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