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MARC 21 is a result of the combination of the United States and Canadian MARC formats (USMARC and CAN/MARC). MARC 21 is based on the NISO / ANSI standard Z39.2 , which allows users of different software products to communicate with each other and to exchange data.
The Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) is a metadata standard for encoding descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata regarding objects within a digital library, expressed using the XML schema language of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
As an XML schema it is intended to be able to carry selected data from existing MARC 21 records as well as to enable the creation of original resource description records. It includes a subset of MARC fields and uses language-based tags rather than numeric ones, in some cases regrouping elements from the MARC 21 bibliographic format.
Metadata is often defined as data about data. [2] [3] [4] It is “structured information that describes, explains, locates, or otherwise makes it easier to retrieve, use or manage an information resource”, especially in a distributed network environment like for example the internet or an organization. [5]
MARC standards for authority records in machine-readable format. [ 23 ] Metadata Authority Description Schema (MADS), an XML schema for an authority element set that may be used to provide metadata about agents (people, organizations), events, and terms (topics, geographics, genres, etc.).
The MARC Standards, which BIBFRAME seeks to replace, were developed by Henriette Avram [2] at the U.S. Library of Congress during the 1960s. By 1971, MARC formats had become the national standard for dissemination of bibliographic data in the United States, and the international standard by 1973.
MARCXML - a direct mapping of the MARC standard to XML syntax; METS - a schema for aggregating in a single XML file descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata about a digital object; MODS - a schema for a bibliographic element set and maintained by the Network Development and MARC Standards Office of the Library of Congress [6]
The full list appears in AACR2, with explanations and examples. Per machine-readable cataloging (MARC) standards, a General Material Designation term or phrase can be applied at different points in the catalog. Points of access include title, alternative titles, author and subject.