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Metallurgical coal or coking coal [1] is a grade of coal that can be used to produce good-quality coke. Coke is an essential fuel and reactant in the blast furnace process for primary steelmaking . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The demand for metallurgical coal is highly coupled to the demand for steel.
The following table lists the coal mines in the United States that produced at least 4,000,000 short tons of coal.. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), there were 853 coal mines in the U.S. in 2015, producing a total of 896,941,000 short tons of coal.
Iron ore, coke, and flux are fed into the blast furnace and heated. The coke reduces the iron oxide in the ore to metallic iron, and the molten mass separates into slag and iron. Some of the iron from the blast furnace is cooled, and marketed as pig iron; the rest flows into basic oxygen furnaces, where it is converted into steel.
After the Civil War a beehive coke industry gained a foothold in the region. The heyday of the Connellsville Coalfield was from the 1880s to the 1920s. At least 60 coal towns, known as "coal patches", were constructed in the field. H.C. Frick Coal and Coke - a subsidiary of U.S. Steel after 1903 - was the major player. Other notable ...
Metallurgical grade coke will bear heavier weight than charcoal, allowing larger furnaces. [52] [53] A disadvantage is that coke contains more impurities than charcoal, with sulfur being especially detrimental to the iron's quality. Coke's impurities were more of a problem before hot blast reduced the amount of coke required and before furnace ...
The company's U.S. underground mines produced high-quality coal from Alabama's Blue Creek seam. Jim Walter Resources, the Company's U.S. underground coal mining unit, has grown from a small producer of less than 1 million tons of coal per year, produced solely for use in its sister company's coke ovens, into one of the 25 largest coal metallurgical coal producers in the United States, with ...
Location of surface coal mines in the US Locations of underground coal mines in the US Trends in underground versus surface mining of US coal, 1949–2011. The hardest coal, anthracite, originally used for steel production, heating, and as fuel for ships and railroads, had by 2000 dwindled to an insignificant portion of production.
Clairton Coke Works is a coking factory in Clairton, Pennsylvania (10 miles south of Pittsburgh) on the Monongahela River. Owned by U.S. Steel , it is the largest coking operation in North America or possibly the world.