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Intravenous iron therapy has an established role in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia when oral supplements are ineffective or cannot be used. [12] IV iron infusions can administer the exact dose of iron to normalise levels in the blood. [7] Pre-operative anaemia is associated with high risk of death.
Iron preparation is the formulation for iron supplements indicated in prophylaxis and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. Examples of iron preparation include ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, and ferrous fumarate. It can be administered orally, and by intravenous injection, or intramuscular injection. [1] Early Iron Supplement for Anemia
They are given by injection. [2] Common side effects may include joint pain, rash, vomiting, and headache. [4] Serious side effects may include heart attacks, stroke, increased cancer growth, or pure red cell aplasia. [2] It is unclear if use is safe during pregnancy. [5] [6] They work similar to naturally occurring erythropoietin. [1]
Dextran 70 is a type of fluid given by injection into a vein to expand blood volume. [1] Specifically it is used for shock such as that caused by bleeding or burns when blood transfusions are not quickly available. [2] However, it does not carry oxygen. [2] Common side effects include vomiting, fever, and joint pains. [2]
Injectable forms include iron dextran and iron sucrose. [13] They work by providing the iron needed for making red blood cells. [14] Iron pills have been used medically since at least 1681, with an easy-to-use formulation being created in 1832 using Chicken Liver extracts and majority from plants. [15]
Dextran is used to make microcarriers for industrial cell culture; Orally-administered dextran sodium sulphate is used to induce colitis in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. [12] Dextran is a common model compound to test the potential of drug formulations to facilitate intestinal absorption via the paracellular route. [13]
It is a generally effective drug, with more than 80% of patients responding to treatment. Iron sucrose has ~20 mg of iron per mL of solution. A typical adult patient can safely receive 600 mg of iron sucrose per week, administered in separate doses of 200–300 mg.
If left untreated, acute iron poisoning can lead to multi-organ failure resulting in permanent organ damage or death. [1] Iron is available over the counter as a single entity supplement in an iron salt form or in combination with vitamin supplements and is commonly used in the treatment of anemias.