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Intravenous iron therapy has an established role in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia when oral supplements are ineffective or cannot be used. [12] IV iron infusions can administer the exact dose of iron to normalise levels in the blood. [7] Pre-operative anaemia is associated with high risk of death.
Iron preparation is the formulation for iron supplements indicated in prophylaxis and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. Examples of iron preparation include ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, and ferrous fumarate. It can be administered orally, and by intravenous injection, or intramuscular injection. [1] Early Iron Supplement for Anemia
Iron sucrose has also been shown to significantly lower the risk of gastrointestinal problems when compared to oral iron treatments. It has a much lower rate of serious allergic reactions in comparison to other iron substitution treatments (around 0.002% in iron sucrose in comparison to 0.04-2.3% in other treatments).
Intraosseous infusion (IO) is the process of injecting medication, fluids, or blood products directly into the bone marrow; [1] this provides a non-collapsible entry point into the systemic venous system. [2]
Injectable forms include iron dextran and iron sucrose. [13] They work by providing the iron needed for making red blood cells. [14] Iron pills have been used medically since at least 1681, with an easy-to-use formulation being created in 1832 using Chicken Liver extracts and majority from plants. [15]
They are given by injection. [2] Common side effects may include joint pain, rash, vomiting, and headache. [4] Serious side effects may include heart attacks, stroke, increased cancer growth, or pure red cell aplasia. [2] It is unclear if use is safe during pregnancy. [5] [6] They work similar to naturally occurring erythropoietin. [1]
Dextran is used to make microcarriers for industrial cell culture; Orally-administered dextran sodium sulphate is used to induce colitis in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. [12] Dextran is a common model compound to test the potential of drug formulations to facilitate intestinal absorption via the paracellular route. [13]
Intramuscular injections commonly result in pain, redness, and swelling or inflammation around the injection site. These side effects are generally mild and last no more than a few days at most. Rarely, nerves or blood vessels around the injection site can be damaged, resulting in severe pain or paralysis.