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The Russian Synodal Bible (Russian: Синодальный перевод, The Synodal Translation) is a Russian non-Church Slavonic translation of the Bible commonly used by the Russian Orthodox Church, Catholic, as well as Russian Baptists [1] and other Protestant communities in Russia. The translation dates to the period 1813–1875, and the ...
The tradition of Bible translations in Christianity in Russia begins with Slavic translations of the Bible and Old Church Slavonic. Tsar Peter the Great felt that the Russian people needed a Bible in the vernacular and authorized Pastor Johann Ernst Glück in 1703 to prepare such an edition. Glück died in 1705 and nothing is known of his work.
The first translation of the whole Bible into Czech, based on the Latin Vulgate, was done around 1360. The first printed Bible was published in 1488 (the Prague Bible). The first translation from the original languages (Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek) was the Kralice Bible from 1579, the definitive edition published in 1613. The Bible of Kralice was ...
This work, called the Russian Synodal Bible, is widely used by Catholic and Protestant communities all over Russia and in the former soviet states, and is also used by many Russian Orthodox adherents for all kinds of teaching and private study, outside of liturgical use (for which the Old Church Slavonic version is preferred).
Subsequent Textus Receptus editions constituted the main Greek translation-base for the King James Version, the Spanish Reina-Valera translation, the Czech Bible of Kralice, the Portuguese Almeida Recebida, the Dutch Statenvertaling, the Russian Synodal Bible and many other Reformation-era New Testament translations throughout Western, Northern ...
The synodal library in Moscow retains the manuscript of the Old Testament of this revision. Under the Empress Elizabeth the work of revision was resumed by an ukaz issued in 1744, and in 1751 a revised "Elizabeth" Bible, as it is called, appeared. Three other editions were published in 1756, 1757, and 1759, the second somewhat revised.
The primary sources for the Elizabeth Bible include the Ostrog Bible of 1581 and the Moscow Bible of 1663. [3] The translation of the Old Testament (excluding Latin Esdras) was mainly based on a manuscript of the Codex Alexandrinus (c. 420) from Brian Walton's London Polyglot (1657). Third Esdras was translated from the Vulgate.
Full-scale translation of the Bible into Russian began in 1813, with the establishment of the Russian Bible Society. The complete Bible comprising the Old Testament and New Testament was published in 1876. This work, called the Russian Synodal Bible, is widely used by Protestant communities in Russia and former Soviet countries. [54]