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Erythema toxicum neonatorum is a common, non-threatening rash in newborns. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It appears in 40-70% of newborns within the first week of life, and it typically improves within 1–2 weeks. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It only occurs during the newborn period, but may appear slightly later in premature babies.
Sweet syndrome (SS), or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, [1] [2] is a skin disease characterized by the sudden onset of fever, an elevated white blood cell count, and tender, red, well-demarcated papules and plaques that show dense infiltrates by neutrophil granulocytes on histologic examination.
Likewise, newborns can be assessed for infection whether bacterial, fungal or viral in nature. Erythema toxicum neonatorum, neonatal cephalic pustulosis, transient neonatal pustular melanosis, folliculitis, miliaria and milia are often ruled out before diagnosis. [4] [7]
Other skin conditions that may appear similar include erythema toxicum neonatorum, transient neonatal pustular melanosis, infantile acne, miliaria, infantile acropustulosis, and sucking blisters. [3] CNS disease may appear like bacterial or other viral meningitis's. [3]
The rash usually fades over three to four weeks but may linger for up to three months after birth. [3] It can occur anywhere on the body, including the palms and soles. [4] The cause of TNPM is unknown. It has been suggested that TNPM is merely a variant of erythema toxicum neonatorum [3] or a "precocious" form of erythema toxicum neonatorum. [5]
Rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis occurs more frequently in patients with severe, persistent seropositive arthritis; it presents clinically as erythematous papules, nodules, plaques, or lesions resembling urticaria without any accompanying symptoms.
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This is a shortened version of the twelfth chapter of the ICD-9: Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue. It covers ICD codes 680 to 709. The full chapter can be found on pages 379 to 393 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9. Volume 2 is an alphabetical index of Volume 1.