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The climate of California varies widely from hot desert to alpine tundra, depending on latitude, elevation, and proximity to the Pacific Coast. California 's coastal regions, the Sierra Nevada foothills, and much of the Central Valley have a Mediterranean climate, with warmer, drier weather in summer and cooler, wetter weather in winter.
A 2011 study projected that the frequency and magnitude of both maximum and minimum temperatures would increase significantly as a result of global warming. [13] According to the Fifth National Climate Assessment published in 2023, coastal states including California, Florida, Louisiana, and Texas are experiencing "more significant storms and extreme swings in precipitation".
All types of floods can occur in California, though 90 percent of them are caused by river flooding in lowland areas. [1] [2] Such flooding generally occurs as a result of excessive rainfall, excessive snowmelt, excessive runoff, levee failure, tsunami, poor planning or built infrastructure, or a combination of these factors. Below is a list of ...
Great Flood of 1862. The Great Flood of 1862 was the largest flood in the recorded history of California, Oregon, and Nevada, inundating the western United States and portions of British Columbia and Mexico. It was preceded by weeks of continuous rains and snows that began in Oregon in November 1861 and continued into January 1862.
2022–2023 California floods. Periods of heavy rainfall caused by multiple atmospheric rivers in California between December 31, 2022, and March 25, 2023, resulted in floods that affected parts of Southern California, the California Central Coast, Northern California and Nevada. [3][4] The flooding resulted in property damage [5][6][7] and at ...
The historical and ongoing droughts in California result from various complex meteorological phenomena, some of which are not fully understood by scientists. Drought is generally defined as "a deficiency of precipitation over an extended period of time (usually a season or more), resulting in a water shortage." [1]
Extreme southern California (including San Diego metro area) is forecast to pick up 1 to 3 inches of rain, with locally higher amounts up to 5 inches.
In early February 2024, two atmospheric rivers brought extensive flooding, intense winds, and power outages to portions of California. The storms caused record-breaking rainfall totals to be observed in multiple areas, as well as the declaration of states of emergency in multiple counties in Southern California. [3][4] Wind gusts of hurricane ...