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While Irish is officially the first language of the Republic, in Northern Ireland the language only gained official status a century after partition with the Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022. Irish in Northern Ireland declined rapidly during the 20th centuries, with its traditional Irish speaking-communities being replaced by ...
With increased immigration into Ireland, there has been a substantial increase in the number of people speaking languages. The table below gives figures from the 2016 census of population usually resident and present in the state who speak a language other than English, Irish or a sign language at home. [17]
Blurring linguistic structures from older forms of English (notably Elizabethan English) and the Irish language, it is known as Hiberno-English and was strongly associated with early 20th century Celtic Revival and Irish writers like J.M. Synge, George Bernard Shaw, Seán O'Casey, and had resonances in the English of Dubliner Oscar Wilde.
Hiberno-English [a] or Irish English (IrE), [5] also formerly sometimes called Anglo-Irish, [6] is the set of dialects of English native to the island of Ireland. [7] In both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, English is the dominant first language in everyday use and, alongside the Irish language, one of two official languages (with Ulster Scots, in Northern Ireland, being yet ...
The Iron Age in Ireland began about 600 BC. The period between the start of the Iron Age and the historic period (AD 431) saw the gradual infiltration of small groups of Celtic-speaking people into Ireland, [18] [19] with items of the continental Celtic La Tene style being found in at least the northern part of the island by about 300 BC.
While New Zealand is majority English-speaking, its two official languages are Māori [111] and New Zealand Sign Language. [112] The United Kingdom does not have an official language. In Wales and Northern Ireland, English is co-official alongside Welsh [113] and Irish [114] respectively. Neither Scotland nor England have an official language.
Proportion of respondents who said they could speak Irish in the Ireland census in 2011 or the Northern Ireland census in 2011. The two official languages of the Republic of Ireland are Irish and English. Each language has produced noteworthy literature.
The Gaelic languages have been in steep decline since the beginning of the 19th century, when they were majority languages of Ireland and the Scottish Highlands; today they are endangered languages. [90] [91] As far back as the Statutes of Kilkenny in 1366, the English government had dissuaded use of Gaelic for political reasons. [92]