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Needed for nerve cells, red blood cells, and to make DNA ... 1.0-6.0 × 10 −7 ... Ketone bodies: 2.3-10 ...
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
The anion gap is affected by changes in unmeasured ions. In uncontrolled diabetes, there is an increase in ketoacids due to metabolism of ketones. Raised levels of acid bind to bicarbonate to form carbon dioxide through the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation resulting in metabolic acidosis. In these conditions, bicarbonate concentrations decrease ...
A basic metabolic panel (BMP) is a blood test consisting of a set of seven or eight biochemical tests and is one of the most common lab tests ordered by health care providers.
In addition to urinary losses from polyuria and volume contraction, also an obligate loss of potassium from kidney tubules occurs as a cationic partner to the negatively charged ketone, β-hydroxybutyrate. [citation needed] A low level of magnesium in the blood can also cause hypokalemia. Magnesium is required for adequate processing of ...
Base excess is defined as the amount of strong acid that must be added to each liter of fully oxygenated blood to return the pH to 7.40 at a temperature of 37°C and a pCO 2 of 40 mmHg (5.3 kPa). [2] A base deficit (i.e., a negative base excess) can be correspondingly defined by the amount of strong base that must be added.
arterial blood gas: hco 3 − = 24 p a co 2 = 40 p a o 2 = 95 ph = 7.40 alveolar gas: p a co 2 = 36 p a o 2 = 105 a-a g = 10 other: ca = 9.5 mg 2+ = 2.0 po 4 = 1 ck = 55 be = −0.36 ag = 16 serum osmolarity/renal: pmo = 300 pco = 295 pog = 5 bun:cr = 20 urinalysis: una + = 80 ucl − = 100 uag = 5 fena = 0.95 uk + = 25 usg = 1.01 ucr = 60 uo ...
The body tries to compensate for the accumulation of lactate and minimize the acidification of the blood by expelling more CO 2 ... Ketones (hypocaloric) 0.66 [16 ...