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Some file archivers and some version control software, when they copy a file from some remote computer to the local computer, adjust the timestamps of the local file to show the date/time in the past when that file was created or modified on that remote computer, rather than the date/time when that file was copied to the local computer.
Gary Kessler's list of file signatures; Online File Signature Database for Forensic Practitioners, a private compilation free to Law Enforcement; Man page for compress, uncompress, and zcat on SCO Open Server; Public Database of File Signatures; Complete list of magic numbers with sample files
The Lamport timestamp algorithm is a simple logical clock algorithm used to determine the order of events in a distributed computer system.As different nodes or processes will typically not be perfectly synchronized, this algorithm is used to provide a partial ordering of events with minimal overhead, and conceptually provide a starting point for the more advanced vector clock method.
The difference is an exact number of quarters of an hour up to 95 (same minutes modulo 15 and seconds) if the file was transported across zones; there is also a one-hour difference within a single zone caused by the transition between standard time and daylight saving time (DST). Some, but not all, file comparison and synchronisation software ...
Unix time is also used as a mechanism for storing timestamps in a number of file systems, file formats, and databases. The C standard library uses Unix time for all date and time functions, and Unix time is sometimes referred to as time_t, the name of the data type used for timestamps in C and C++ .
Just as in Lamport timestamps, inter-process messages contain the state of the sending process's logical clock. A vector clock of a system of N processes is an array /vector of N logical clocks, one clock per process; a local "largest possible values" copy of the global clock-array is kept in each process.
These timestamps ensure that transactions affect each object in the same sequence of their respective timestamps. Thus, given two operations that affect the same object from different transactions, the operation of the transaction with the earlier timestamp must execute before the operation of the transaction with the later timestamp.
A full list of these data structures is virtually impossible to derive, but there are well-known data structures that have the Unix time problem: File systems that use 32 bits to represent times in inodes; Databases with 32-bit time fields; Database query languages (such as SQL) that have UNIX_TIMESTAMP()-like commands