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In baseball, run differential is a cumulative team statistic that combines offensive and defensive scoring. Run differential is calculated by subtracting runs allowed from runs scored. Run differential is positive when a team scores more runs than it allows; it is negative when a team allows more runs than it scores.
Baseball statistics include a variety of metrics used to evaluate player and team performance in the sport of baseball. Because the flow of a baseball game has natural breaks to it, and player activity is characteristically distinguishable individually, the sport lends itself to easy record-keeping and compiling statistics .
In baseball, isolated power or ISO is a sabermetric computation used to measure a batter's raw power. One formula is slugging percentage minus batting average . I S O = S L G − A V G {\displaystyle ISO=SLG-AVG}
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Statistics such as weighted on-base average (wOBA), ultimate zone rating (UZR), ultimate base running (UBR), and defense independent pitching statistics (DIPS) measure the effectiveness of a player at creating and saving runs for their team, on a per-plate appearance or per-inning basis. These statistics can be multiplied by the playing time of ...
In Major League Baseball (MLB), .300 is considered an average BABIP. [2] Various factors can impact BABIP, such as a player's home ballpark; [3] for batters, being speedy enough to reach base on infield hits; [3] or, for pitchers, the quality of their team's defense. [4]
In the most basic runs created formula: = (+) + where H is hits, BB is base on balls, TB is total bases and AB is at-bats.. This can also be expressed as = = where OBP is on-base percentage, SLG is slugging average, AB is at-bats and TB is total bases, however OBP includes the hit-by-pitch while the previous RC formula does not.
Like many original sabermetric concepts, the idea of a defensive spectrum was first introduced by Bill James in his Baseball Abstract series of books during the 1980s. [2] The basic premise of the spectrum is that positions on the right side of the spectrum are more difficult than the positions on the left side.