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Note: the Strickler coefficient is the reciprocal of Manning coefficient: Ks =1/ n, having dimension of L 1/3 /T and units of m 1/3 /s; it varies from 20 m 1/3 /s (rough stone and rough surface) to 80 m 1/3 /s (smooth concrete and cast iron). The discharge formula, Q = A V, can be used to rewrite Gauckler–Manning's equation by substitution for V.
The variations of Q/Q (full) and V/V (full) with H/D ratio is shown in figure(b).From the equation 5, maximum value of Q/Q (full) is found to be equal to 1.08 at H/D =0.94 which implies that maximum rate of discharge through a conduit is observed for a conduit partly full.
The hydraulic diameter, D H, is a commonly used term when handling flow in non-circular tubes and channels. Using this term, one can calculate many things in the same way as for a round tube. When the cross-section is uniform along the tube or channel length, it is defined as [1] [2] =, where
is the roughness of the inner surface of the pipe (dimension of length) D is inner pipe diameter; The Swamee–Jain equation is used to solve directly for the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f for a full-flowing circular pipe. It is an approximation of the implicit Colebrook–White equation. [10]
The length of line of the intersection of channel wetted surface with a cross sectional plane normal to the flow direction. The term wetted perimeter is common in civil engineering, environmental engineering, hydrology, geomorphology, and heat transfer applications; it is associated with the hydraulic diameter or hydraulic radius. Engineers ...
[1] [2] [4] Strickler’s equation introduces a new emperical coefficient which must be determined experimentally to define n-value. However, unlike n-value, which has units of T/L 1/3, has units of length, and at least in theory, is a measurable quantity.
where is the density of the fluid, is the average velocity in the pipe, is the friction factor from the Moody chart, is the length of the pipe and is the pipe diameter. The chart plots Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f D {\displaystyle f_{D}} against Reynolds number Re for a variety of relative roughnesses, the ratio of the mean height of ...
In fluid mechanics, pipe flow is a type of fluid flow within a closed conduit, such as a pipe, duct or tube. It is also called as Internal flow. [1] The other type of flow within a conduit is open channel flow. These two types of flow are similar in many ways, but differ in one important aspect.