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  2. Prisoner's dilemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner's_dilemma

    The prisoner's dilemma models many real-world situations involving strategic behavior. In casual usage, the label "prisoner's dilemma" is applied to any situation in which two entities can gain important benefits by cooperating or suffer by failing to do so, but find it difficult or expensive to coordinate their choices.

  3. Three prisoners problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Prisoners_problem

    Three prisoners, A, B, and C, are in separate cells and sentenced to death. The governor has selected one of them at random to be pardoned. The warden knows which one is pardoned, but is not allowed to tell. Prisoner A begs the warden to let him know the identity of one of the two who are going to be executed. "If B is to be pardoned, give me C ...

  4. Merrill M. Flood - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrill_M._Flood

    Merrill Meeks Flood (1908 – 1991 [1]) was an American mathematician, notable for developing, with Melvin Dresher, the basis of the game theoretical Prisoner's dilemma model of cooperation and conflict while being at RAND in 1950 (Albert W. Tucker gave the game its prison-sentence interpretation, and thus the name by which it is known today).

  5. Feminist peace research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_peace_research

    The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) is a foundational organization in feminist peace research that pushes for disarmament as a necessity for peace. [12] The organization originated in opposition to World War I, with its founding women members meeting at the International Congress of Women .

  6. Collective action problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_action_problem

    The prisoner's dilemma model is crucial to understanding the collective problem because it illustrates the consequences of individual interests that conflict with the interests of the group. In simple models such as this one, the problem would have been solved had the two prisoners been able to communicate.

  7. Why the Palestinian Prisoners Are Central to the Israel-Hamas ...

    www.aol.com/news/why-palestinian-prisoners...

    The two sides in the war came to an agreement for Hamas to release at least 50 women and children held hostage over the course of four days in exchange for Israel pausing fighting and freeing 150 ...

  8. Can Americans fight for Ukraine? Prisoners of war and the ...

    www.aol.com/news/americans-fight-ukraine...

    It follows the sentencing of a 21-year-old Russian soldier in Ukraine’s first war crimes trial. Sgt. Vadim Shishimarin was sentenced to life in prison after he pleaded guilty to shooting a 62 ...

  9. Nicola Lacey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola_Lacey

    The Prisoners' Dilemma: Political Economy and Punishment in Contemporary Democracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521899475. Lacey, Nicola (2008). Women, Crime, and Character From Moll Flanders to Tess of the D'Urbervilles. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199544363. Lacey, Nicola (2016).