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A lichen (/ ˈ l aɪ k ən / LIE-kən, UK also / ˈ l ɪ tʃ ən / LI-chən) is a hybrid colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among filaments of multiple fungi species, along with yeasts and bacteria [1] [2] embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualistic relationship.
Usnea filipendula – one of about 20,000 described species of lichen. The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to lichens.. Lichen – composite organism made up of multiple species – a fungal partner, one or more photosynthetic partners, which can be either green algae or cyanobacteria, and, in at least 52 genera of lichens, a yeast. [1]
Methods for species identification include reference to single-access keys on lichens. An example reference work is Lichens of North America (2001) by Irwin M. Brodo, Sylvia Sharnoff and Stephen Sharnoff and that book's 2016 expansion, Keys to Lichens of North America: Revised and Expanded by the same three authors joined by Susan Laurie ...
About one-third of all lichen photobionts are cyanobacteria, while the remaining two-thirds are green algae. [2] Some lichens host both green algae and cyanobacteria alongside their fungal component. These are known as "tripartite" lichens. In most lichens, the photobiont forms an extensive layer covering much of the lichen body (the thallus).
Solorina bispora is a small foliose (leaf-like) lichen that forms patches 5–10 mm (1 ⁄ 4 – 3 ⁄ 8 in) wide. The thallus (main body) consists of rounded or irregular small lobes surrounded by darker granular tissue.
Enchylium conglomeratum, commonly known as dotted jelly lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Collemataceae. Formerly known as Collema conglomeratum , it was renamed in 2013. [ note 1 ] This lichen has a fragmented distribution across the Holarctic region , occurring in both North America and Europe .
Lichen morphology describes the external appearance and structures of a lichen. These can vary considerably from species to species. These can vary considerably from species to species. Lichen growth forms are used to group lichens by "vegetative" thallus types, and forms of "non-vegetative" reproductive parts.
Bryobilimbia australis is a species of crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. [2] First described by lichenologist Gintaras Kantvilas in 2005 from specimens collected in Tasmania, this lichen forms dull-coloured, uneven patches that range from pale greyish to brownish or greenish grey.