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The Austrian Society of Engineers and Architects defines NATM as "a method where the surrounding rock or soil formations of a tunnel are integrated into an overall ring-like support structure. Thus the supporting formations will themselves be part of this supporting structure." [5] Some engineers use NATM whenever they propose shotcrete for ...
Franz Pacher (28 April 1919 in Prostřední Suchá, present-day Czech Republic – 3 March 2018 in Salzburg, Austria [1]) was an Austrian civil engineer and a pioneer of modern tunneling. He is one of three men who are considered to be the chief developers of the new Austrian tunneling method (NATM). [2]
Ladislaus von Rabcewicz (June 12, 1893 in Kungota, nearby Maribor – December 19, 1975) was an Austrian engineer and university professor at the Vienna University of Technology. He is notable for being one of three men who developed the new Austrian tunneling method (NATM).
Tunnel Construction. Tunnels are dug in types of materials varying from soft clay to hard rock. The method of tunnel construction depends on such factors as the ground conditions, the ground water conditions, the length and diameter of the tunnel drive, the depth of the tunnel, the logistics of supporting the tunnel excavation, the final use and shape of the tunnel and appropriate risk management.
The tunnel significantly enhances connectivity within the Kashmir Valley and is a key component of India's efforts to improve transportation infrastructure in the region. The tunnel was constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) and was built by Afcons Infrastructure. It features modern safety systems, including escape tunnels ...
The Zheleznitsa Tunnel is a critical section of the Struma motorway, linking the Bulgarian capital Sofia with the Greek Aegean port of Thessaloniki. Built using the New Austrian tunneling method, it was opened for traffic on 20 February 2024. [3] The tunnel features four pedestrian crossings and two car crossings between the twin tubes.
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The original system as developed by Lauffer is nowadays by many regarded as obsolete but his ideas are incorporated in modern rock mechanics science, such as the relation between the span of a tunnel and the stand-up time, and notably in the New Austrian Tunnelling Method. Reference: Lauffer, H. (1958). "Gebirgsklassifizierung für den ...