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The Incremental Capital-Output Ratio (ICOR) is the ratio of investment to growth which is equal to the reciprocal of the marginal product of capital. The higher the ICOR, the lower the productivity of capital or the marginal efficiency of capital. The ICOR can be thought of as a measure of the inefficiency with which capital is used. In most ...
The Cigar Box Method is a toolkit which consists of a series of spreadsheets to help entrepreneurs, notably those in agribusiness in emerging markets, to calculate the costs of goods, margins, contribution, break-even quantity and profitability. It can be used for a single product or a complete portfolio of products.
Real options valuation, also often termed real options analysis, [1] (ROV or ROA) applies option valuation techniques to capital budgeting decisions. [2] A real option itself, is the right—but not the obligation—to undertake certain business initiatives, such as deferring, abandoning, expanding, staging, or contracting a capital investment project. [3]
Smith, A. and Wilson, T. (2000). Fitting Yield Curves with Long Term Constraints. Research report, Bacon & Woodrow. Technical documentation of the methodology to derive EIOPA's risk-free interest rate term structures
Assuming that the cash flow calculated does not include the investment made in the project, a profitability index of 1 indicates break-even. Any value lower than one would indicate that the project's present value is less than the initial investment. As the value of the profitability index increases, so does the financial attractiveness of the ...
Where there is a budget constraint, the ratio of NPV to the expenditure falling within the constraint should be used. In practice, the ratio of present value (PV) of future net benefits to expenditure is expressed as a BCR. (NPV-to-investment is net BCR.) BCRs have been used most extensively in the field of transport cost–benefit appraisals.
The modified internal rate of return (MIRR) is a financial measure of an investment's attractiveness. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is used in capital budgeting to rank alternative investments of unequal size. As the name implies, MIRR is a modification of the internal rate of return (IRR) and as such aims to resolve some problems with the IRR.
Tobin's q [a] (or the q ratio, and Kaldor's v), is the ratio between a physical asset's market value and its replacement value.It was first introduced by Nicholas Kaldor in 1966 in his paper: Marginal Productivity and the Macro-Economic Theories of Distribution: Comment on Samuelson and Modigliani.