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The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (or simply Applied Physics Laboratory, or APL) is a not-for-profit university-affiliated research center (UARC) in Howard County, Maryland.
Michael M. Watkins is an American engineer, scientist, and a Professor of Aerospace and Geophysics at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). He previously served as the 9th director of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, and as a vice president of Caltech, which staffs and manages JPL for NASA.
JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System provides access to key Solar System data and flexible production of highly accurate ephemerides for Solar System objects. Osculating elements at a given epoch (such as produced by the JPL Small-Body Database ) are always an approximation to an object's orbit (i.e. an unperturbed conic orbit or a " two-body ...
JPL's charter is to conduct robotic space missions for NASA, to explore planetary systems, understand the origin and evolution of the universe and make critical measurements to understand the Earth, which leads to its protection. [4] This is accomplished by developing multidisciplinary capabilities in engineering, science and technology.
The Astronomical Almanac for 1984 through 2002 were based on JPL ephemeris DE200, and from 2003 to 2014 the Astronomical Almanac was based on JPL ephemeris DE405. [9] As of 2022, the Almanac is derived from DE430. [15] The JPL ephemerides are widely used for planetary science; some examples are included in the Notes and References.
According to JPL Website, "the Jet Propulsion Lab is a NASA field center managed by the California Institute of Technology. " However, " unlike other NASA centers, which are staffed by government civil servants, JPL is managed for NASA by Caltech under a contractual arrangement begun in 1958 and renewed every five years.
Intranet portal is a Web-based tool that allows users to create a customized site that dynamically pulls in Internet activities and desired content into a single page. By providing a contextual framework for information, portals can bring S&T (Science and Technology) and organizational "knowledge" to the desktop.
As the Director of JPL, from 1954, Pickering was closely involved with management of the Private and Corporal missiles under the aegis of the U.S. Army. [1] His group launched Explorer I on a Jupiter-C rocket from Cape Canaveral on 31 January 1958 less than four months after the Soviet Union had launched Sputnik .