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A cascading failure is a failure in a system of interconnected parts in which the failure of one or few parts leads to the failure of other parts, growing progressively as a result of positive feedback. This can occur when a single part fails, increasing the probability that other portions of the system fail.
In 2019, a novel WHA was fabricated, replacing the traditional Ni-Fe matrix phase with a high entropy alloy matrix. [9] This system was found to easily induce adiabatic shear band formation. [10] The matrix phase includes nanoprecipitates that increase the matrix hardness. It is posited that these precipitates dissolve upon temperature rise ...
Systemic risk has been associated with a bank run which has a cascading effect on other banks which are owed money by the first bank in trouble, causing a cascading failure. As depositors sense the ripple effects of default, and liquidity concerns cascade through money markets, a panic can spread through a market, with a sudden flight to ...
Cascading failure: Failure in a system of interconnected parts, where the service provided depends on the operation of a preceding part, and the failure of a preceding part can trigger the failure of successive parts. Closed system: A system which can exchange energy (as heat or work), but not matter, with its surroundings.
The statistical definition of entropy defines it in terms of the statistics of the motions of the microscopic constituents of a system — modelled at first classically, e.g. Newtonian particles constituting a gas, and later quantum-mechanically (photons, phonons, spins, etc.). The two approaches form a consistent, unified view of the same ...
This entropic force is proportional to the distance between the two ends. [5] [7] The entropic force by a freely jointed chain has a clear mechanical origin and can be computed using constrained Lagrangian dynamics. [8] With regards to biological polymers, there appears to be an intricate link between the entropic force and function.
Entropy and disorder also have associations with equilibrium. [8] Technically, entropy, from this perspective, is defined as a thermodynamic property which serves as a measure of how close a system is to equilibrium—that is, to perfect internal disorder. [9]
Cascades in financial networks are situations in which the failure of one financial institution causes a cascading failure in another member of the financial network. In an extreme this can cause failure of the whole network in what is known as systemic failure. It can be defined as the discontinuous value loss (e.g. default) of the ...