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Gold lunula from Schulenburg, Germany, Provincial, linear group. 3rd millennium BC. Of the more than a hundred gold lunulae known from Western Europe, more than eighty are from Ireland; [4] it is possible they were all the work of a handful of expert goldsmiths, though the three groups are presumed to have had different creators. Several ...
Today it is held by the National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology, where it is on permanent display.According to Mary Cahill of the museum, the objects are significant as the only extant "association between the discs and the lunula, because the discs would be considered among the earliest gold ornaments and the lunula as coming a little bit later". [6]
The lunula is made of decorated gold and dated to 2200-2000 BC and is one of the earliest gold ornaments from Wales. [1] Other estimates suggest 2400-2000 BC of the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age. [2] The lunula is the heaviest lunula from the islands of Britain and Ireland, weighing 185g. [3] Llanllyfni lunula.
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In Ireland, lunulae were probably replaced as neck ornaments firstly by gold torcs, found from the Irish Middle Bronze Age, and then in the Late Bronze Age by the spectacular "gorgets" of thin ribbed gold, some with round discs at the side, of which 9 examples survive, 7 in the National Museum of Ireland. [9]
During the Last Glacial Maximum, [5] (between about 26,000 and 20,000 years BP) ice sheets more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) thick scoured the landscape of Ireland. By 24,000 years ago they extended beyond the southern coast of Ireland; but by 16,000 years ago the glaciers had retreated so that only an ice bridge remained between Ireland and Scotland.
As well as Ireland and Cornwall, lunulae are also found in Scotland, Wales, Brittany, and Normandy. Outside of Cornwall, lunulae are only rarely found in barrow contexts. [150] [151] The presence of traces of tin in the gold lunulae from Harlyn Bay and St. Juliot suggest that the gold may derive from a local Cornish alluvial source. [152]
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