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The history of vigilante justice and the Montana Vigilantes began in 1863 in what was at the time a remote part of eastern Idaho Territory. Vigilante activities continued, although somewhat sporadically, through the Montana Territorial period until the territory became the state of Montana on November 8, 1889.
Stuart's Stranglers was a well-known vigilante group in Montana that was founded by wealthy ranchers in 1884 and led by Granville Stuart in response to widespread livestock theft at that time. They were also less commonly known as the "Montana Stranglers."
In December 1863, a member of the Innocents gang, George Ives, was subjected to a vigilante trial in Nevada City, Montana. Lane rode to Bannack, Montana in order to inform Bannack sheriff Henry Plummer of the trial. Lane's aim was to convince Plummer that he should request a civilian trial for George Ives. [3]
A Tenderfoot in Montana: Reminiscences of the Gold Rush, the Vigilantes, and the Birth of Montana Territory, Montana Historical Society, 2004, ISBN 0-9721522-2-9 United States Senate; Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America, from December 1, 1862, to July 4, 1864 , Government Printing Office, 1887
The members of the gang were believed to use secret code words for identification, as well as a secret knot in their ties. Many residents soon became frustrated by the rate of robberies and murders. In late 1863 they formed a committee of vigilantes (the Montana Vigilantes) to combat the rash of murders and robberies. [2]
Granville Stuart (August 27, 1834 – October 2, 1918) was an American pioneer, gold prospector, businessman, civic leader, vigilante, author, cattleman and diplomat who played a prominent role in the early history of Montana Territory and the state of Montana. [2]
The second of two columns focusing on the surrender of York to the Confederates in late-June 1863 – a pivotal moment in York County’s story.
December 23, 1863 – The Vigilance Committee of Alder Gulch is established in Virginia City, Montana [25] January 1864 – The Vigilance Committee of Virginia City, Montana tries and hangs Cyrus Skinner, Aleck Carter and Johnny Cooper in Hell Gate [14] January 10, 1864 – Henry Plummer, the sheriff of Bannack, Montana, is hanged with two ...