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The last stars in the list are familiar nearby stars put there for comparison, and not among the most luminous known. It may also interest the reader to know that the Sun is more luminous than approximately 95% of all known stars in the local neighbourhood (out to, say, a few hundred light years), due to enormous numbers of somewhat less ...
At around 4,677,000 L ☉, R136a1 is one of the most luminous stars known, radiating more energy in four seconds than the Sun does in a year. From 2010 to 2020 it was recognized as the most massive and luminous star known . [ 25 ]
In other words, stars 10 5 years old lie along the curve labeled 10 5, and similarly for the other 3 isochrones. The Hayashi track is a luminosity–temperature relationship obeyed by infant stars of less than 3 M ☉ in the pre-main-sequence phase (PMS phase) of stellar evolution.
Their X-ray coronae are among the most luminous (L x ≥ 10 32 erg·s −1 or 10 25 W) and the hottest known with dominant temperatures up to 40 MK. [ 25 ] The astronomical observations planned with the Einstein Observatory by Giuseppe Vaiana and his group [ 26 ] showed that F-, G-, K- and M-stars have chromospheres and often coronae much like ...
The closest encounter to the Sun so far predicted is the low-mass orange dwarf star Gliese 710 / HIP 89825 with roughly 60% the mass of the Sun. [4] It is currently predicted to pass 0.1696 ± 0.0065 ly (10 635 ± 500 au) from the Sun in 1.290 ± 0.04 million years from the present, close enough to significantly disturb the Solar System's Oort ...
Prominent stars in the neighborhood of the Sun (center) This list of nearest bright stars is a table of stars found within 15 parsecs (48.9 light-years) of the nearest star, the Sun, that have an absolute magnitude of +8.5 or brighter, which is approximately comparable to a listing of stars more luminous than a red dwarf.
S Doradus was noted in 1897 as an unusual and variable star, of Secchi type I with bright lines of H α, H β, and H γ. [9] The formal recognition as a variable star came the assignment of the name S Doradus in 1904 in the second supplement to Catalogue of Variable Stars. [10] S Dor was observed many times over the following decades.
Representative lifetimes of stars as a function of their masses The change in size with time of a Sun-like star Artist's depiction of the life cycle of a Sun-like star, starting as a main-sequence star at lower left then expanding through the subgiant and giant phases, until its outer envelope is expelled to form a planetary nebula at upper right Chart of stellar evolution