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A United States Navy Aviation boatswain's mate tests the specific gravity of JP-5 fuel. Relative density, also called specific gravity, [1] [2] is a dimensionless quantity defined as the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material.
Speaking broadly, mineral color points out the specific gravity of the mineral, as minerals that are lighter in color tend to be less dense. Darker minerals typically tend to contain more of relatively heavy elements, notably iron, magnesium, and calcium. [2] The temperature of crystallization affects what the color index of rocks tends to be. [10]
The following is a list of rock types recognized by geologists.There is no agreed number of specific types of rock. Any unique combination of chemical composition, mineralogy, grain size, texture, or other distinguishing characteristics can describe a rock type.
A weak acid dissolves calcite from crushed limestone, leaving only dolomite, silicates, or quartz. Hydrofluoric acid attacks feldspar before quartz and, if used cautiously, dissolves these and any glassy material in a rock powder before it dissolves augite or hypersthene. Methods of separation by specific gravity have a still wider application.
Rock forming minerals – typically silicates or occasionally carbonates – have a specific gravity of 2.5–3.5. [88] High specific gravity is a diagnostic property of a mineral. A variation in chemistry (and consequently, mineral class) correlates to a change in specific gravity. Among more common minerals, oxides and sulfides tend to have a ...
Scoria differs from pumice, another vesicular volcanic rock, in having larger vesicles and thicker vesicle walls, and hence is denser.The difference is probably the result of lower magma viscosity, allowing rapid volatile diffusion, bubble growth, coalescence, and bursting.
Mica is common in igneous and metamorphic rock and is occasionally found as small flakes in sedimentary rock. [6] It is particularly prominent in many granites , pegmatites , and schists , [ 7 ] and "books" (large individual crystals) of mica several feet across have been found in some pegmatites.
Classes range from “R-20” (20 lbs) to “R-1500” (1,500 lbs) - see the table below. The standard also provides conversions to equivalent size using different shapes and considers specific gravities ranging from 2.60 to 2.75. The standard does not cover large armourstone employed for outer harbour structures such as breakwaters and revetments.