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PLA 2 enzymes are commonly found in mammalian tissues as well as arachnid, insect, and snake venom. [2] Venom from bees is largely composed of melittin, which is a stimulant of PLA 2. Due to the increased presence and activity of PLA 2 resulting from a snake or insect bite, arachidonic acid is released from the phospholipid membrane ...
Crotoxin (CTX) is the main toxic compound in the snake venom of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus.Crotoxin is a heterodimeric beta-neurotoxin, composed of an acidic, non-toxic and non-enzymatic subunit (CA), and a basic, weakly toxic, phospholipase A2 protein (CB).
Given that snake venom contains many biologically active ingredients, some may be useful to treat disease. [42] For instance, phospholipases type A2 (PLA2s) from the Tunisian vipers Cerastes cerastes and Macrovipera lebetina have been found to have antitumor activity. [43] Anticancer activity has been also reported for other compounds in snake ...
Notexin consists of a single molecule. This molecule is a single-peptide chain of 119 amino acid residues that are cross-linked with 7 disulfide-bridges. [7]X-ray diffraction has been used to determine the crystal structure of notexin and led to the conclusion that notexin belongs to either the P3121 or P3221 space group with lattice parameters a = b = 74.6 Å, c = 49.0 Å with a β of 120⁰.
Its venom has hemolytic and proteolytic action. [10] B. moojeni venom contains a wide variety of enzymes, such as acidic phospholipase, base A phospholipase, metalloproteinases, serine proteinases, L-amino acid oxidase, and a myotoxin phospholipase A2. The myotoxin phospholipase A2 causes necrosis in muscle fibers, releasing creatine kinase. [11]
Pain relievers, cough syrup, antihistamines, therapeutic ointments, antiseptic, digestive aids -- you name it, we take it. Both prescription and over-the-counter drugs have become a normal part of ...
Endothelial lipase is primarily a phospholipase. [2] Phospholipase A 2 acts on the intact lecithin molecule and hydrolyzes the fatty acid esterified to the second carbon atom. The resulting products are lysolecithin and a fatty acid. Phospholipase A 2 is an enzyme present in the venom of bees, blennies and viper snakes. [3]
Pachymic acid is known to inhibit the Epstein–Barr virus and to inhibit the snake venom phospholipase A2. [3] It also has antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties. [1] Pachymic acid anti-tumor properties are due to the cytotoxic effects it has on the tumors making them less viable and proliferate less.
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