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There are many types of vascular headaches. Other types of vascular headaches include headaches produced by fever, cluster headaches, and headaches from a rise in blood pressure (OSU Wexner Medical Center, 2012). Headaches that were described as being vascular headaches include: [citation needed] Cluster headache; Migraine [2] Toxic headache
Papaverine occurs naturally in opium. Papaverine was discovered in 1848 by Georg Merck (1825–1873). [2] Merck was a student of the German chemists Justus von Liebig and August Hofmann, and he was the son of Emanuel Merck (1794–1855), founder of the Merck corporation, a major German chemical and pharmaceutical company. [3]
These headaches are typically bilateral, very severe and peak in intensity within a minute. [1] They may last from minutes to days, and may be accompanied by nausea, photophobia, phonophobia or vomiting. [1] Some patients experience only one headache, but on average there are four attacks over a period of one to four weeks. [1]
After migraine, the most common type of vascular headache is the "toxic" headache produced by fever. Other kinds of vascular headaches include cluster headaches, which are very severe recurrent short lasting headaches, often located through or around either eye and often wake the patients up at the same time every night. Unlike migraines, these ...
The mechanism that leads to vasoconstriction results from the increased concentration of calcium (Ca 2+ ions) within vascular smooth muscle cells. [2] However, the specific mechanisms for generating an increased intracellular concentration of calcium depends on the vasoconstrictor.
Failure of normal autoregulation and an abrupt rise in systemic vascular resistance are typical initial components of the disease process. [6] Hypertensive emergency pathophysiology includes: [citation needed] Abrupt increase in systemic vascular resistance, likely related to humoral vasoconstrictors; Endothelial injury and dysfunction
When starting to suffer from fever, headache, nausea, or vomiting subsequent to any kind of exposure to fresh water, even in the belief that no fresh water has traveled through the nostrils, people with such conditions should be carried to hospital quickly and make sure doctors are well-informed about the history of exposure to fresh water. [24]
Robert Shapiro, a professor of neurology, says that while cluster headaches are about as common as multiple sclerosis with a similar disability level, as of 2013, the US National Institutes of Health had spent $1.872 billion on research into multiple sclerosis in one decade, but less than $2 million on cluster headache research in 25 years. [74]