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Patients taking carisoprodol for a prolonged time have reported dependence, withdrawal and abuse, although most of these cases were reported by patients with addiction history. These effects were also reported by patients who took it in combination with other drugs with abuse potential, and in fewer cases, reports of carisoprodol-associated ...
Baclofen, sold under the brand name Lioresal among others, is a medication used to treat muscle spasticity, such as from a spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] It may also be used for hiccups and muscle spasms near the end of life, [ 9 ] and off-label to treat alcohol use disorder [ 10 ] [ 11 ] or opioid withdrawal symptoms. [ 12 ]
Acute use (1–3 days) yields a potency about 1.5× stronger than that of morphine and chronic use (7 days+) yields a potency about 2.5 to 5× that of morphine. Similarly, the effect of tramadol increases after consecutive dosing due to the accumulation of its active metabolite and an increase of the oral bioavailability in chronic use.
Carisoprodol is similar to meprobamate as they both belong to the carbamate drug class and meprobamate is a clinically significant active metabolite of carisoprodol, although carisoprodol itself possesses additional antispasmodic properties which are distinct from its metabolites.
Carisoprodol, sold under the brand name Soma among others, is a medication used for musculoskeletal pain. [6] Effects generally begin within half an hour and last for up to six hours. [ 6 ] It is taken orally ( by mouth ).
Tizanidine, sold under the brand name Zanaflex among others, is an alpha-2 (α 2) adrenergic receptor agonist, [2] similar to clonidine, that is used to treat muscle spasticity due to spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and spastic cerebral palsy. [3] Effectiveness appears similar to baclofen or diazepam. [4] It is taken by mouth. [5]
Baclofen is primarily used for the treatment of spastic movement disorders, especially in instances of spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis. [47] Phenibut is used in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Latvia to treat anxiety and improve sleep, as in the treatment of insomnia. [ 48 ]
Gamma-aminobutyric acid, a GABA-B receptor agonist. A GABA receptor agonist is a drug that is an agonist for one or more of the GABA receptors, producing typically sedative effects, and may also cause other effects such as anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant effects. [1]