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P. Oxyrhynchus 405 – fragment of Against Heresies from c. 200 AD. Against Heresies (Ancient Greek: Ἔλεγχος καὶ ἀνατροπὴ τῆς ψευδωνύμου γνώσεως, Elenchos kai anatropē tēs pseudōnymou gnōseōs, "On the Detection and Overthrow of the So-Called Gnosis"), sometimes referred to by its Latin title Adversus Haereses, is a work of Christian theology ...
A heresy that arose in the 2nd century AD. Marcionists believed that the God of the Old Testament was a different god from the God of the New Testament. [7] Monarchianism: Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism: A heresy that taught that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit were all the same being.
It may have been written in Greek between 140 and 180 by Valentinian Gnostics (or, as some posit, by Valentinus himself). [2] It was known to Irenaeus of Lyons, who objected to its Gnostic content and declared it heresy. Irenaeus declares it one of the works of the disciples of "Valentinus", and the similarity of the work to others thought to ...
Marcion of Sinope (/ ˈ m ɑːr k i ə n,-s i ə n /; Ancient Greek: Μαρκίων [2] [note 1] Σινώπης; c. 85 – c. 160 [3]) was a theologian [4] in early Christianity. [4] [5] Marcion preached that God had sent Jesus Christ, who was distinct from the "vengeful" God who had created the world.
Heresy in Christianity denotes the formal denial or doubt of a core doctrine of the Christian faith [1] as defined by one or more of the Christian churches. [2]The study of heresy requires an understanding of the development of orthodoxy and the role of creeds in the definition of orthodox beliefs, since heresy is always defined in relation to orthodoxy.
The work is divided into three books, with a total of seven volumes. It ends with what has since been called De Fide , a short description of the orthodox catholic faith of the Great Church . The number of sects covered in the work is based on Song of Songs 6:8-9, quoted below in the original Hebrew, and in the English translation from JPS 1917:
The first book, a synopsis of Greek philosophy, circulated separately in several manuscripts and was known as the Philosophoumena (Ancient Greek: Φιλοσοφούμενα "philosophical teachings"), a title which some extend to the whole work. Books IV-X were recovered in 1842 in a manuscript at Mount Athos, while
Irenaeus (/ ɪ r ɪ ˈ n eɪ ə s / or / ˌ aɪ r ɪ ˈ n iː ə s /; Ancient Greek: Εἰρηναῖος, romanized: Eirēnaîos; c. 130 – c. 202 AD) [4] was a Greek bishop noted for his role in guiding and expanding Christian communities in the southern regions of present-day France and, more widely, for the development of Christian theology by combating heterodox or Gnostic ...
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